HTML

=HTML Introduction =

HTML Example
< !DOCTYPE html> My First Heading My first paragraph. < /body> < /html>

Example Explained

 * The DOCTYPE declaration defines the document type
 * The text between and describes the web page
 * The text between and is the visible page content
 * The text between and is displayed as a heading
 * The text between and is displayed as a paragraph
 * ~  || The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration is the doctype for HTML5. ||

What is HTML?
HTML is a language for describing web pages.
 * HTML stands for **H**yper **T**ext **M**arkup **L**anguage
 * HTML is a **markup** language
 * A markup language is a set of markup **tags**
 * The tags **describe** document content
 * HTML documents contain HTML **tags** and plain **text**
 * HTML documents are also called **web pages**

HTML Tags
HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags content
 * HTML tags are keywords (tag names) surrounded by **angle brackets** like
 * HTML tags normally **come in pairs** like  and 
 * The first tag in a pair is the **start tag,** the second tag is the  **end tag**
 * The end tag is written like the start tag, with a **forward slash** before the tag name
 * Start and end tags are also called **opening tags** and **closing tags**

HTML Elements
"HTML tags" and "HTML elements" are often used to describe the same thing. But strictly speaking, an HTML element is everything between the start tag and the end tag, including the tags: HTML Element: This is a paragraph.

Web Browsers
The purpose of a web browser (such as Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari) is to read HTML documents and display them as web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page:

HTML Page Structure
Below is a visualization of an HTML page structure: This a Heading This is a paragraph. This is another paragraph. < /body>

HTML Versions
Since the early days of the web, there have been many versions of HTML:
 * ~ Version ||~ Year ||
 * HTML || 1991 ||
 * HTML+ || 1993 ||
 * HTML 2.0 || 1995 ||
 * HTML 3.2 || 1997 ||
 * HTML 4.01 || 1999 ||
 * XHTML 1.0 || 2000 ||
 * HTML5 || 2012 ||
 * XHTML5 || 2013 ||

The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration
The <!DOCTYPE> declaration helps the browser to display a web page correctly. There are many different documents on the web, and a browser can only display an HTML page 100% correctly if it knows the HTML type and version used.

HTML5
< !DOCTYPE html>

HTML 4.01
< !DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

XHTML 1.0
< !DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">